Learn how to make homemade Garam Masala from scratch in 15 minutes using this authentic and easy recipe. This fragrant blend of Indian spices includes ten whole spices that are toasted to release their aroma and oils and then ground to an easy-to-use powder. Use it to season lentils, chicken, meat, vegetables, curries, and so much more!
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For more than two decades now, I've been using my Mom's easy 15-minute garam masala powder recipe, which is far more fragrant and flavorful than any store-bought brand. She uses only 10 ingredients to create this magical seasoning.
This Punjabi-style Garam Masala powder (north Indian) is versatile enough to be used for homestyle dals, curries, and stir-fries, such as Dal tadka, Rajma, and Gobi Aloo, as well as restaurant favorites like Biryani, Butter Chicken, and Korma.
Jump to:
- What Is Garam Masala?
- Do we need to toast the spices?
- Ingredients - Notes & Substitutions
- How to Make Garam Masala
- How to Buy Spices and Store Them Correctly
- Reasons to Make Garam Masala at Home
- How To Use Garam Masala
- Recipe Tips & Notes
- More Indian Kitchen Essentials
- More Indian Spice Blends
- Frequently Asked Questions
- 📖 Recipe
What Is Garam Masala?
Garam Masala, pronounced as guh-rum muh-saa-laa, literally means warm (garam) spice (masala). It is a fragrant blend of locally grown spices from the northern region of the Indian subcontinent. It is used for its sweet and warming spice flavor, not spicy heat.
Its composition differs by region since the climate and soil type vary throughout India. Plus, almost every household has its own spin on it based on taste preference.
Do we need to toast the spices?
I prefer to toast the spices for garam masala due to the following advantages:
- Toasting whole spices releases their oils, thereby releasing aroma and flavor. Once toasted and cooled, this spice mix stays fragrant and flavorful for months.
- Toasting also takes away the 'edge' from the most potent spices, like cloves and cinnamon, making them more pleasant to taste.
- Toasted spices are already cooked and infused with deep, aromatic notes and can be added at the end of a dish for a flavorful finishing touch.
Store-bought Buying Tip: To check if store-bought garam masala is made with toasted spices, look at the color-darker chocolate-brown indicates toasted, while greyish-brown indicates untoasted.
Ingredients - Notes & Substitutions
Here is a list of simple and easy-to-buy 10 whole spices that are needed for this recipe for garam masala powder:
- Coriander Seeds (Dhaniya): These are the seeds of the cilantro plant, which have an earthy, slightly sweet flavor with floral hints.
- Cumin Seeds (Jeera): Its warm, somewhat smokey flavor and aroma reach optimal flavor when toasted.
- Green Cardamom Seeds (Chhoti Ilaichi): Known as 'true cardamom,' green cardamom seeds are black, whereas the pod is green. They have hints of lemon and mint. Purchase the black-hulled seeds or green cardamom pods. Feel free to use the entire pod; but note the measurement difference in the recipe card.
- Whole Cloves (Laung): Pungent, strong, and sweet with a bitter after-flavor, these are aromatic flower buds, and a little goes a long way with these! Tip: Make sure to discard any clove stems without buds.
- Black Peppercorns (Kaali Mirch): Whole black peppercorns give the best results for this recipe mix.
- Cinnamon Sticks (Dal Cheeni): I purchase flat cassia bark, a natural bark from the cinnamon family that is different than the cinnamon 'quills' found in the grocery store.
- Bay Leaves (Tejpatta): This earthy-flavored aromatic herb is easy to find in the spice section of most grocery stores.
- Fennel Seeds (Saunf): Known as 'saunf' in Hindi, the best-quality seeds are bright green and have a sweet, anise aroma.
- Black Cardamom Pod (Motti Ilaichi): These larger dark brown pods are smokey with hints of cooling menthol. Look for them in Indian grocery stores or online.
- Nutmeg (Jaiphal): Purchase a jar of whole nutmeg and grate fresh with a Microplane. Note: Nutmeg doesn't need toasting, so add that to the final blend.
Scroll to the recipe card for a detailed list of ingredients and quantities.
How to Make Garam Masala
This simple recipe for garam masala requires a large skillet, a spice grinder, and only 15 minutes. Here are the step-by-step directions and photos on how to toast spices and grind them to make garam masala from scratch:
Gather and prepare spices: Remove any rotten pieces or dirt from all spices. Make sure to remove any clove stems without buds. Break the cinnamon sticks into smaller pieces and clean the dirt between the grooves.
Light toast: Add all spices to a large skillet and lightly toast on medium heat for 2 minutes, stirring every 20 seconds or so. When you can start smelling the aroma of spices, they are done.
Cool completely: Turn off the heat. Transfer to a plate to stop the roasting and cool for 10 minutes.
Grind to powder: Using a coffee grinder or spice grinder, grind the spice mix in 3-4 batches. Give it a good shake in between to prevent the spices from clumping. Grind to a fine texture.
Add nutmeg: Stir in ½ teaspoon freshly grated nutmeg to the final blend. (picture below)
How to Buy Spices and Store Them Correctly
Where to buy spices? The best places to purchase whole spices are Whole Foods, Sprouts, Indian grocery stores, and online or specialty food markets that have spice bins. Here are the different spices we're using today:
I highly recommend purchasing spices in their whole form rather than the pre-ground variety. Whole spices contain all of the aromatic essential oils that make a homemade spice mix so special.
Even more so, whole spices hold onto flavor and aroma for up to one year. For optimal shelf life, store the whole spices in a cool, dark place (spice cabinet) and use the amount called for in the recipe.
How do you grind spices? I highly recommend investing in a spice grinder or a coffee grinder. They're small, can be stored away, and aren't that expensive. The flavor and aroma of freshly ground spices make it totally worth it.
Garam Masala Substitute: A good substitute for Garam masala is Curry powder, or combining 1 part ground cumin with ¼ part ground allspice. You can find more easy substitutes in this article: Garam Masala Substitutes.
Reasons to Make Garam Masala at Home
Here are a few reasons why I make this spice blend at home:
- Versatile seasoning: It's a versatile spice used to flavor curries, dal, stir-fries, grilled proteins, and more. Most of my Indian recipes call for garam masala as one of the main flavoring components. (sample recipes listed below!)
- Convenient than whole spices: This 'ground' blend is a great way to incorporate the aroma and flavor of whole spices without having to pick them out later or, worse, accidentally bite into them.
- Superior quality: Nothing beats the taste and quality of homemade garam masala. Store-bought blends sit on the shelves far too long and lose their flavor. Homemade masala stays fresh for months and is more flavorful, so you end up needing a smaller quantity.
- Quality Control & Hygienically Made: When you make this masala at home, you can ensure a hygienic process and know exactly what ingredients go into it. You can also balance the taste according to your preference.
How To Use Garam Masala
In Indian cooking, garam masala is added in one of two stages: in the curry base or as a finishing spice after cooking. Sometimes, it's added in both!
When and how much to add?
When I add it to the curry base, depending on the dish, I typically use 1-2 teaspoons for a serving size of 4-6 people. Adding the garam masala at this stage helps the spices bloom and flavor the whole dish subtly.
When I add it as a finishing spice, I stir in ¼ - ½ teaspoon 2-3 minutes before turning off the heat. This helps give a pop of flavor and aroma.
I use Garam Masala in curries, stir-fries, grilled proteins and so much more. Most of my popular Indian recipes use this homemade garam masala spice blend. Here are a few of my favorites:
- Tandoori Chicken Legs or Whole Tandoori Chicken
- Chicken Tikka, Fish Tikka or Paneer Tikka
- Vegetable Korma, Lamb Korma or Chicken Korma
- Matar Paneer or Mutton Curry
- Rajma or Chana Masala
- Chicken Biryani, Vegetable Biryani or Egg Biryani
- Tikka Masala Sauce or Chicken Tikka Masala
- Paneer Butter Masala or Butter Chicken
Spices 101: To learn more about Indian spices and their usage, read this complete guide on Essential Spices for Indian Cooking
Recipe Tips & Notes
- Clean the spices. Before starting, spread the spices on a large plate and quickly sort through them, discarding any small stones or dirt.
- Stick with making a small batch. This recipe makes 4 tablespoons (¼ cup) of seasoning mix. You can easily scale it up based on your consumption levels. The ground spices tend to lose their flavor after a few months, which is why I always make enough for 1-2 months.
- Cool the toasted whole spices entirely before grinding. If the toasted spices are still warm when you add them to the spice grinder, the warmth will turn the spices into a paste rather than a powder.
- Store in a cool, dark place. Place the ground garam masala spices in a small mason jar, label, date, and store in your spice cabinet for up to three months.
- Garam Masala Substitute. If you're in a pinch, curry powder is a good substitute for Garam masala. Alternatively, you can combine 1 part ground cumin with ¼ part ground allspice. This works as a good substitute for this wonderfully complex spice mix.
More Indian Kitchen Essentials
More Indian Spice Blends
Frequently Asked Questions
The seven Indian spices, aka those native to India, are cumin, coriander, clove, cinnamon, turmeric, fenugreek, and cardamom.
An authentic Garam masala spice mix in India typically does not contain turmeric and is brownish in color. Another difference between the two is that Garam Masala powder contains more pungent spices like cloves, cinnamon, and cardamom, as compared to Curry powder, which consists of primarily mild spices like coriander, cumin, fenugreek, and turmeric.
Curry Powder, on the other hand, is yellow in color due to turmeric, one of the key ingredients. Curry powder is not Indian but a British recipe that was created in the 1800s.
It depends from region to region. This recipe for a Punjabi-style garam masala does not contain turmeric.
Curry powder is a close substitute; however, it is mild. Start with a 1:1 ratio and add more as needed. Alternatively, combine 1 part ground cumin with ¼ part ground allspice.
I recommend buying a small spice grinder or a dedicated coffee grinder for grinding spices. They're both relatively inexpensive and highly useful.
Whole spices should be toasted on low heat for 2 to 3 minutes. The
📖 Recipe
Easy Garam Masala Recipe (15 Minutes)
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Video
Equipment
Ingredients
Spices for Basic Garam Masala
- 3 tablespoons Coriander Seeds
- 1 tablespoon Cumin Seeds
- 2 teaspoon Green Cardamom seeds or 2 tablespoon green cardamom pods
- 1 teaspoon Whole Cloves (about 20)
- 1 teaspoon Black Peppercorns (about 25)
- 2 inch Cinnamon Stick flat cassia bark broken into ½-inch pieces
- 2 Bay Leaf torn onto small pieces
- 1 teaspoon Fennel Seeds (saunf)
- 1 Black Cardamom Pod
- ½ teaspoon Nutmeg freshly grated, add after toasting spices
Instructions
- Check all spices and remove any rotten pieces or dirt. Check cloves and remove any stems without buds. Break the cinnamon into smaller pieces, and clean the dirt between the grooves using a damp kitchen towel.
- Add all spices except nutmeg to a large skillet. Lightly toast these spices, on medium-heat, for about 2 minutes, stirring every 20 seconds or so. The spices are done when they start releasing their aroma. Turn off the heat. Transfer to a plate to stop the toasting. Cool for 10 minutes.
- Using a coffee or spice grinder, grind this mix in 3-4 batches. Give it a good shake in between to prevent spices from clumping. Grind it to a fine texture.
- Grate nutmeg using a microplane and add to the spice-mix. Store in an air-tight container, in a cool and dry place.
Notes
- Clean the spices. Before starting spread the spices on a large plate and quickly sort through them. Discard any small stones or dirt.
- Stick with making a small batch. This recipe makes 4 tablespoons (¼ cup) of seasoning mix. You can easily scale it up based on your consumption levels. The ground spices tend to lose their flavor after a few months, which is why I always make enough for 1-2 months.
- Cool the toasted whole spices entirely before grinding. If the toasted spices are still warm when you add them to the spice grinder, the warmth will turn the spices into a paste rather than a powder.
- Store in a cool, dark place. Place the ground garam masala spices a small mason jar, label, date, and store in your spice cabinet for up to 3 months.
- Garam Masala Substitute. If you're in a pinch, a good substitute for Garam masala is curry powder or combining 1 part ground cumin with ¼ part ground allspice. This works as a good substitute for this wonderfully complex spice mix.
Wendy Tung says
Thank you for the recipe. One question. It appears that the Black Cardamom is toasted as a whole pod. Do I need to break the pod and keep only the seeds for grinding?
Aneesha Gupta says
Hi Wendy, you can grind the whole pod; no need to break it.
Gigi H says
Getting ready to put this together… do I assume correctly, when you talk about Bay Leaf, you mean the Taj Patta Indian Bay Lef, NOT the Calif. Bay Laurel leaves that we Americans use for cooking? Zooming in on your picture, that’s what it looks like.
Aneesha says
Hi Gigi, yes Tej Patta is correct. Enjoy this blend!
VERNESHRIE NAIDOO says
Hi Aneesha
I read your Recipes. Sounds divine and scrumptious.
I would like to make home made curry masala, what are the ingredients used and the method. Would highly appreciate it if you could share one.
Kind Regards
Vienie Naidoo.
Aneesha says
Hi there! Do you have my book? There's a curry powder recipe in there. Let me know!
Vyom says
Your blog is impressive, thanks to the quality of your recipes & other content.
Thanks for sharing this content. This was very helpful for me. i love indian spices.
Aneesha says
Thank you so much!
Savitri says
Just made (without black cardamom), it smells good ????.
Thank you Aneesha.
Greets from us ????????????
Aneesha says
Hi Savitri Great! Nothing beats the taste of fresh garam masala 🙂